Caliphs were the political successors of Mohammed, and were sometimes known as “Commander of the Believers.” These able men led armies of Muslims, not necessarily strong armies, on jihads, and won their battles because of their leadership and the armies’ religious fanaticism. The Muslims “… conquered much of the Middle East… part of the Far East, North Africa, and even Spain in Europe.” History Book, page 151. But after about 715 A.D., the Muslim victories stopped, their most famous loss probably the Battle of Tours in 732 A.D.. But I think that even with their losses, the caliphs were impressive group of leaders.